Carriage returning mechanism for typewriters or like machines



H. J. HART Nov. 11, 1952 CARRIAGE RETURNING MECHANISM FOR TYPEWRITERS OR LIKE MACHINES Filed 00t- 12/1950 2 SI'IEETS-SHEET 1 INVENTOR V HE/VRYJ. HART 162M; fa/ ,41

% ATTORNEYS Nov. 11, 1952 H. J. HART 2,617,512

CARRIAGE RETURNING MECHANISM F OR TYPEWRITERS OR LIKE MACHINES ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 11, 1952 CARRIAGE RETURNING MECHANISM FOR TYPEWRITERS OR LIKE MACHINES.

Henry 5. Hart, West Hartford, Conn., assignor to Royal Typewriter Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York A lication Oc o r 12, 1 5.0, Ser aIN 189.391,

Claims.

invention relates to carriage returning mechanisms for typewriter'sor like machines, and more particularly to an improved mechanism providing a mechanical advantage for multiplying the effort initially applied to a carriage returning member, so that the starting friction and inertia of the carriage may be overcome more easily when the carriage is moved from a position of rest towards its starting position for the commencement of a new line of typing.

Although the invention is applicable generally to-typewriters orlike machines of different. constructionsroperated manually or by power, it is especially advantageous when used in connection with manually operated machines, since, by virtueof the. invention the fatigue ordinarily resulting from repeatedly returninga carriage by hand islreduced.

In mostconventi onal manually operated typewriters, a single lever mounted on the carriage serves both for operating line spacing mechanism to rotate the sheet feeding platen, and for returning the carriage to its line starting position. The present invention may be embodied in constructions of this kind in such manner that when the combinedline spacing and carriage return lever is moved initially, a novel normally ineffective mechanical advantage driving mechanism will be rendered effective and continued movement of the lever will then eifect the line spacing operation while the driving mechanism starts the carriage return movement at reduced speed, and with the application of reduced effort on the lever.

An object of the invention is to provide a carriage returning mechanism, operative during the initial movement of a carriage returning member for multiplying the effortapplied to the member, and transmitting the multiplied effort to the carriage so, as to reduce the amount of effort required to be applied to the member for overcoming the starting friction and inertia of the carriage.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of the character referred to which includes or is operated by a combined line spacing and carriage returning lever.

A further object of the invention is to pro.-. .vide-a mechanism of the kind referred to which is adapted to be operative for moving the car! riage only when the carriage is within av predetermined range of its positions relative to the main or stationary frame of the machine, the arrangement being such that the line spacing mechanism may be operated independently of the carriage returning mechanism when the carriage is within a diiferent range of positions.

Other objects of the invention will become apparentfrom a reading of the following description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view, partly in rear elevation and partly in vertical section, showing parts of a typewriter frame and carriage at the right hand end of the machine;

Figure 2 is a view, partly in rear elevation and partly in vertical section, of parts of the frame and carriage at the left hand end of the machine, Figures 1 and 2 together constituting a composite view separated on the line .r-x of each;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary, horizontal sectional view on the line 3'-3 of Figure 1, some parts being shown in elevation;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view on the irregular line 4-4 of Figure "3, drawn on an enlarged scale; t

Fi ure 5 is a fragmentary detail view, partly in rear elevation and partly in section, showing a gripper pawl and associated parts;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on the line 6-6-of Figure 5;

Figure. 7' is a fragmentary view, partlyin rear elevation and partly in vertical section, showing certain of the parts illustrated in Figure 1, but in positions different from those shown in Figure 1; and

Figure 8 is -a detail view, partly in elevation and partly in section, showing apart of aresilient link construction.

In considering the drawings, it will be helpful to bear in mind that Figures 1, 2, 5 and 7 show the construction as viewed from the rear of the machine, so that parts shown at the right of these views are at the left of the machine as viewed from the front.

The invention is illustrated as being embodied in a typewriter of generally conventional construction including a stationary main frame, a part of which isindicated at A as being equipped with a fixed bottom rail I on which av carriage B is mounted for letter spacing and return movements by means of a top rail 2 fixed to the carriaee and adapt d to l p n ball .3. wh ch in turn r011 upon the bottom rail I. In order to keep the balls properly spaced from eachother, each is equipped with a. toothed ring 4 which meshes withrackteeth 5-5 on the rails I andZ, respectively. The bottom rail l is formed with an overhanging, rearwardly projecting ledgeor bar 6. Retainers 1 having bottom parts 8 extending under the ledge 5 are secured adjustably to the carriage rail 2 by screws 9 passing through inclined slots and having threaded connection with the rail 2. The retainers I hold the carriage against upward movement with respect to the frame rail l, and thus cooperate with the balls 3 and rails l and 2 to constrain the carriage against movements transverse to the letter spacing and return travel of the carriage.

lhe carriage structure includes end plates H and i2 secured to the rail 2 by screws 13. Conventional means such as a spring drum, a part of which is shown at M in Figure l, and a draw band l5 wound around the drum and connected to the carriage, urges the latter to move in the letter spacing direction under the control of an escapement mechanism, not shown. A platen C is journaled on the end plates I I and I2 for rotary line spacing movements in the usual manner.

A margin stop rack bar I6 is secured to the end plates as shown in Figure 7, the ends of the bar 16 being threaded as at I! to receive nuts I8 screwed against opopsite faces of the associated end plates. The bar It carries the usual margin stops, one of which is shown at IS in Figure 7, the stop 19 shown being the left margin stop, the position of which on the bar It determines the extent of the return travel of the carriage, and hence the Width of the right hand margin on the work sheet. For this purpose the stop 19 is cooperable with a center stop assembl generally designated 20, and comprising a tabular and margin stop lever 2|, a line lock blade 22, and a cushion lever 23, both the blade 22 and the lever 23 being pivoted on the lever 21 as at 24. The line lock blade 22 may be connected to line lock mechanism of any suitable kind, not shown. The cushion lever 23 is urged by a spring 25 .to a position displaced slightly to the right of the position shown in Figure '7, so that when it is engaged by the margin stop is the carriage will be brought to rest at the end of its return movement with a reduced or minimized shock effect.

The machine illustrated is equipped with line spacing mechanism generally similar to the mechanism shown in the patent to Hess 1,208,154. As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the end plate i2 is formed with a horizontal ledge 25 terminating in a down-turned skirt 21 which, together with the end plate proper, provides for the journaling of the platen shaft 28. A line spacing lever member 29, which also serves as a carriage returning handle or lever, is secured to a pintle which is rockable in a bearing 3| having threaded connection at 32 with the end plate ledge 26. The pintle is held against axial shifting in the bearing 32 by a screw 33 threaded into the lower end of the pintle to press against a gear segment 34 on the lower end of the pintle and serving as a pintle retainin washer as well as performing a gear function to be described later. Rocking of the line spacing lever 29 in the direction for effecting line spacing and carriage returning movement is limited by its engagement with an adjustable eccentric head screw 35, and rocking of the lever 29 in the opposite direction to its normal position is limited by its engagement with a stop lug 35 forming part of an adjustably mounted stop plate 31. The lever 29 is urged toward its normal or inoperative position, determined by the stop lu 36, by a spring 38 interposed between a hook 39 on the gear sector 34 secured to the pintle 30, and an ear 40 on the plate 31, most clearly shown in Figure 3.

Pivoted at 4| on the short arm 42 of the line space lever 29 is one end of a link 43, the other end of which is connected, at a point not shown, to an arm 4 mounted to rock about the platen axis. A line spacing pawl is pivoted as at 45 on the arm 44, and is adapted to engage a ratchet wheel 41 fixed to the platen for rotating the latter in step movements in response to rocking of the combined line spacing and carriage returning lever 29. Normally, the nose of the pawl 45 rests upon a shield 18 which holds the nose out of engagement with the ratchet wheel i! until after the line spacing lever 29 has been turned a predetermined amount about the axis of the pintle 30. The shield 43 is provided with a handle or finger piece 49 by means of which the shield may be turned about the axis of the platen for varying the portion of the shield over which the pawl 45 must ride before it drops into engagement with the ratchet Wheel 41, the adjustment of the shield 48 thus providing for the selection of single, double, or triple line spacing movements of the platen in response to a single stroke of the lever 29.

With the exception of the provision of a ear segment 34 instead of a washer formed with a hook such as the hook 39, the construction described so far is similar to the construction customarily embodied in the Royal standard typewriter, and therefore does not per se constitute the present invention. fhe invention resides in other parts to be described, and in the combination of such other parts with each other and with the conventional parts referred to above.

In accordance with the invention, novel mechanism is provided for reducing the amount of effort required to be applied to a member, such as the line spacing and carriage returning lever 29, for overcoming the starting friction and inertia of the carriage, and initiating its return movement toward the right. Preferably, the arrangement is such that a mechanical advantage is provided for reducing the force required to be applied to the lever 29 until after the return movement of the carriage has been started at reduced speed, and, after the carriage has been started, a relatively direct connection between the lever 29- and the carriage is rendered effective for returning the carriage at full speed, that is, at the same speed as that at which the lever 28 is continued in movement. In the form shown, the reduced speed and minimized effort phase of the carriage return movement takes place while the lever 29 is being rocked from its normal position to the position in which its short arm 42 engages the stop 35, the stop 35 then bringing about a direct connection between the lever 29 and the carriage, so that continued movement of the lever will move the carriage toward the right at the same speed as that at which the lever is moved.

In the preferred construction shown, the frame rail ledge or bar 6 is formed with a series of serrations or tooth parts 59 which extend from the left hand end of the bar (right hand endas viewed in Figures 1, 5 and '7) toward the opposite or right hand end of the bar 5, but terminate short of the opposite end. A gripper part or device, as shown a pawl 5|, adapted to cooperate with the serrated portion 53 of the bar 6, is carried by a plate 52 formed with slots 53 traversed by headed screws 54 secured to the carriage rail 2, and mounting the plate 52 for limited sliding movement on the carriage. A pawl retainer 55 is secured to the plate 52 by screws 56, and is c m-s12 formed withanoifset part '51 and a tab -58 which projects behind the pawl .51, so that the latter is retained between the plate 52 and the tab 58. The pawl 5| .is formed with a V-shapednotch 59 which normally receives aheaded screw 60 onthe plate 152, so as to maintain the pawl-in its normal position in whicha tooth 6! on the pawl is disposed above and-out of engagement with the serrations 50 on the bar 6. The pawl 5| is also formed with a gripper 111g EZ WhiCh extends, under the smooth bottom surface. of the rail -6, :and normally has relatively free sliding engagement withthis surface so .as not to interfere with the traveling of the carriage in both the letter spacing .and the carriage returning directions.

Mechanism operable byinitial rocking of the line spacing lever 29 is provided for moving the pawl 5| from its normal positionshown in Figure 1 toxits operativeposition shown in Figurefl, in which it grips the frame mounted railjfiby-engagement of the tooth;.6-l with the serrationssifi, and engagement of the gripper lug .62 with the bottom of the rail 6. The mechanism is such that-continued rocking of the line'spacing lever 29,. following movement of the pawl 5| to its grip-.- pin position, starts the carriage on its return movement at reduced speed and. with reduced effortbeing required to. be applied to theline spacing lever. In the form shown, a linkgenerally designated .63 is connected as. at. 64 to the pawl .51, and is connected as at .65 to a twoarmed lever memberfifi which is pivoted atBl on a bracket .58 secured tothe end plate l2. Preferably, the: link. 6.3.15 constructed to be yieldable'longitudinally, and; to this endit is constituted bya coiled spring .63 and end connectors formed as screw eyes 63 as shown in Figure 8.

The top. part of the lever member 66 is formed as a. toothed gear segment .69 adapted to receive effort applied for effecting the initial carriage returning movement. The segment -69 meshes with a toothed segment 10 formed on a downturned part of one arm of a lever 1| mounted to-tur-n about a pivot bearing 12 clamped to the end plate ledge 26 by the eccentric headstop post 35 previously referred to. The other-arm of the lever'H is formed with a toothed segment 13 which meshes with the segment 34 secured to the line spacing lever pintle 30. When the line spacing and carriage returning lever 29 is rocked for effecting line spacing movementof the platen and return'movement of the'carriage, the gear segment 34 and the lever H turn so as to rock the lever fificounterclockwisaas viewed in Figure 1, thereby pulling the link 63 toward the right, as viewed in Figure 1, so as to movethe pawl 5i: into-gripping engagement with the rail 6. Continued rocking of the lever 66 will then operate with the mechanical advantage it provides-for starting the return movement of the carriage.

Operation -Normally,when thecarriage hasreached the position it occupies after typing a line, the parts will be in the positions shown in Figures 1 and 3pwithethe line spacing lever 29 held against the stop lug 36. by the spring 38. The lever 66 will be; in the positionv shown in Figure 1, so that the contracted link; 63...will' hold the pawl 5| with its notch :59. receiving the screw 60 on the slide 52, the-pawl 5| thus being held in its normal, ineffective position, disengagedfrom the-serrated portion of the .bar 26,. The line spacing pawl 45 wfllrestuponthe shield .:48,- which may. be.. as-.

sumed to he in the adjusted position for; determining single .line spacing .incremental move.- ments in response. to rockingof the line spacing and 'carriagereturning lever 29.

Whenthe line spacing lever 29 is rockedinitially from itsnormal position, indicated by-the line a in Figure .3, to the partially rockedposition indicated by the line b, thelever .36 willsbe rocked counterclockwise so as tomove the link 63 toward theleft. (toward the right .as. viewedin Figures 1 and 7), andtherebymove the pawl 5|" to. the effective connecting position shown in Figure 7, in which the pawl toothfil engages the serrated part 50 of the bar .6, and the pawl-grip! perlug 62- gripsthe bottom of the rail. 6. When the-pawl 5| has-been so positioned, the connection :65 between the link 63 and the lower .end ofthe lever.6.6 is anchored to the frame .Aby the:pawl-and the link63 and cannot move with respect to theframe A, except .slightly as pore m-itte'd' by yielding of the link spring .63, sothat theconnection 65 provides, inefiect, .a substantiallyfixed fulcrum forthe lever .66. Conse+ quently, further rocking movement. of thelever from the. position indicated by the line bin Figure 3-tothe position indicated by-v the line 0, byefiort applied to the top part fiaofthe lever 66, .will exert multiplied force on the pivot 61 and end plate bracket'BB substantially parallel to the directions of carriage letter spacing and return travel, and will thus drive the, carriage to.- ward: the right (toward. the left as viewed in Fig-' ures 1 .and'l). The mechanical advantage thus provided .is due to the fact that the leverarm between the top part .69. of the lever Stand-the fulcrum 65' is considerably longer than the lever arm between the pivot 61 .and the fulcrum 65.

During the movement of the line spacing lever from the position indicated by the linecto the position indicated by the line d, the reduced speed carriage return movement will be, continued-and the line spacing pawl 415 will move. off the shield 48 soas to engage the ratchet wheel 4.! and rotate the platen C a single line spacing increment. When the line .spacing-leverhas reached the position indicated by the line at, its short arm .42-.will'=engagethe .stop post- 35 so as to terminate rocking of the lever about its pivot 30, stop the line spacing movement of the platen, and providea direct driving connection between the lever 29 and the carriage for returning, the carriage at full speed, hatis, at the same speed as that at which the line spacing lever is; continued, in translatory movement towards, the operators right, without rocking. The direct driving of the carriage towards the right, While the slide 52 and pawl 5| are'stationary'relati-veto the bar'6, will relax the slightly stretchedspring 33 enabling it to expand so as to push thepawl notch'59. against the pin 60 on the slide 52, and thus cause the pawl tooth 6| to be disengaged from'theserrated portion 50 of the barB. During continued return movement, of the carriagathe pawl 5| will slide .idly on the bar 6. When the carriage reaches the end of its returmmovement, and the, lever 29 is returned to itsnormal position by the spring 38, the levers' and 6 6, the; link 63, and the pawl 5| and slide 52 will also return idly to the normal positions shown in Figures 1 and 3.

If'the shield48 is set so as to effect either double or triple line spacing movementof the platen in response to rocking of the, lever 29, the operation will be essentially the s me as-that described above, with the-exception that, the line spacing pawl 45 will engage the ratchet wheel 41 earlier in the rocking of the lever 29.

If the left margin stop I9 is adjusted, as shown in Figure 7, so as to engage the center stop assembly 20 to determine an unusually wide right hand margin or indentation on the work sheet, say, with the left hand end of the rubber part of the platen C more than about 2% inches to the left of the printing point, the pawl 5| on the carriage will be in the range of the serrations 50 on the frame rail 6 when the carriage is in its right end position. If the line spacing and carriage returning lever 29 is rocked with the parts so positioned, the pawl 5| will move into gripping engagement with the rail 6 in the manner previously described, but the carriage will beheld against further movement to the right by engagement of the margin stop IS with the center stop assembly 20. However, the lever 29 can be moved through its full stroke, and the line spacing mechanism operated accordingly, because of the yielding of the link 63, enabling the lever 66 to rock through its full stroke while the connection 65 between the link 63 and the lever 66,

which normally acts as a relatively fixed fulcrum, will rock about the pivot 61, which is then stationary on the immobilized carriage. Because of the necessity of stretching the spring link 63 in the performance of such operations, some additional effort must be applied to the lever 29 for effecting line spacing, but this is no substantial disadvantage, since it is only seldom that the margin stop I9 will be set to determine such a wide right hand margin on the work sheet.

It is desirable that the lever 29 be operable for effecting line spacing movement of the platen C without being restrained by the spring 63 and associated parts when the margin stop i9 is set for determining a more normal or usual right hand margin, for example, a margin corresponding to an extreme right hand position of the carriage in which the left end of the rubber part of the platen is located within about 2% inches of the printing point. To this end, the top surface of the rail 6 is cut away as at 14 at the right end of the rail so as to prevent the gripper pawl 5| from having gripping engagement with this part of the rail. Figure 5 shows the relative positions of the gripper pawl 5| and the rail 6 when the carriage is in such a relatively normal right end position, and when the lever 29 has been rocked for effecting operation of the line spacing mechanism. As shown in Figure 5, the pawl has been moved away from its normal position, but, because of the cutout part 14 in the rail 6, the pawl is not in gripping engagement with the rail. Consequently, the lever '66 may move freely about the pivot 8'! accompanied by free movement of the slide 52 on the carriage rail 2 and free movement of the connection 65 between the right end of the link 63 and the lower end of the lever 66 without being restrained by the link 63. Thus, the lever 29 may be rocked by the application of only as much force as is required to operate the line spacing mechanism. If the carriage is in a paragraphing or indented position, with the pawl 5| above the cutout part 14 of the bar 6, and if the lever 29 is moved only far enough to bring its short arm 42 into engagement with the stop post 35, the line spacing mechanism will be operated but the carriage will not be moved away from its indented position.

The construction shown for the purposes of illustration embodies the invention in a preferred form, but it is intended that the disclosure be 8 illustrative rather than definitive of the invention. The invention is defined in the claims.

I claim:

1. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a member movably mounted on said carriage and to which effort may be applied for moving said carriage in the return direction; and normally inoperative connections between said member and said frame adapted to be rendered operative during an initial part of the movement of said member on said carriage incident to application of effort to said member for returning said carriage, said connections including a mechanical advantage device for multiplying the effort applied to said member and transmitting the multiplied effort to said carriage, whereby the effort required to be applied to said member for starting the return movement of said carriage is reduced.

2. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for constraining said carriage against substantial movements transverse to the directions of letter spacing and return travel; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; and means for moving said carriage in the return direction comprising a normally inoperative member movably mounted on said carriage and being adapted to have mechanical advantage operative connection with said carriage and said frame incident to initial application of effort to said member for exerting force on said carriage only substantially parallel to said directions of letter spacing and return travel for returning said carriage, the mechanical advantage connection multiplying the effort applied to said member, whereby the effort required to be applied to said member for starting the carriage on its return movement is reduced.

3. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a member movably mounted on said carriage and to which effort may be applied for moving said carriage in the return direction; normally inoperative connections between said member and said frame adapted to be rendered operative during an initial part of the movement of said member on said carriage incident to application of effort to said member for returning said carriage, said connections including a mechanical advantage device for multiplying the effort applied to said member and transmitting the multiplied effort to said carriage, whereby the effort required to be applied to said member for starting the return movement of said carriage is reduced; a stop for limiting the movement of said mem ber on said carriage and being operative for causing effort applied to said member to be transmitted directly to said carriage for returning the carriage at thespeed at which movement of said member is continued after said stop exerts its limiting effect on said member; and means for rendering said connections inoperative when said stop exerts its limiting effect on said member.

4. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements 9 in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage j in the" letter spacing direetion; means for moving said carriage in the'return direction comprising a normally inoperative member movably mounted on said carriage andbeing adapted to have mechanical advantage operative connection with said carriage and said frame incident to initial application of effort to'said member for returning said carriage, the'mechanical advantage connection multiplying the "efiort applied to said member, whereby theeifort' required to be appliedto said member for starting the carriage on its return movement is reduced; a stop for limiting the movement of said member on said carriage and being operative'for causing effort applied to said member to be transmitted directly to said carriage-for returning the carriage at the speed at which movement of said member is continued after said stop exerts its limiting efiect on said member; and means for rendering said mechanical advantage connection inoperative when said stop exerts its limiting eifect on said member.

5. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a member movably mounted on said carriage andto whicheffort may be applied for moving said carriage in the return direction; normally inoperative connections between said member and said frame adapted to be rendered operative during an initial part of the movement of said member on said carriage incident to application of effort to said member for returning said carriage, said connections including a mechanical advantagedevice for multipliying the effort applied to said member and transmitting the multiplied eilort to said carriage, whereby the effort required to be applied to said member for starting the return movement of said carriage is reduced; a rotatable sheet feeding platen on said carriage; and line spacing mechanism for turning said platen in response to movement of said member on said carriage when said member is operative through said connections for starting the return movement of said carriage.

6. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationaryframe; a carriage mounted on said 7 frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; means for moving said carriage in the return direction comprising a normally inoperative member movably mounted on said carriage and being adapted to have mechanical advantage operative connection with said carriage andsaid frame incident to initial application of effort to said member for returning said carriage, the mechanical advantage connection multiplying the eiTort applied to said member, whereby the effort required to be applied to said member for starting the carriage on-its return movement-is reduced; at rotatable sheet feeding platen on said carriage; and line spacing mechanism for turning said platen in response to movement of said member in opposite directions; means for driving Said carriage in ;the-'letterspacing direction; a member movably mounted on said carriage and'to which eifort may be ap'plied for moving said carriage in the return direction; and'normally inoperative connections between said member and said frame including. a first part mounted onsaid carriage and a cooperable second part on said frame extendingthroughout only apart of the range of movement of said first part in cident to carriage'movement on said'frame and being adapted-to be rendered operative during an initial part o'f'the movement of said member on said carriage incident toapplication of eifort to said member for returning said carriage, said connections including a mechanical advantage device for multiplying the effort-applied to-said member and transmitting themultipliedreffort-to said carriage, whereby the-effort'required to be applied to sa'idmember for'starting the return movementof said carriage is reduced.

8. In a'typew'riter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the'letter spacing direction; am'ember movably mounted-on said carriage and to which eiTort may be applied for moving said carriage in the return direction; normally inoperative connections between said member and said frame including a first partmounted on'said carriage and a cooperable second part'on said frame extending throughout only a partof the range of movement of said first part incident to carriage movement on said frame and being adapted to be rendered operative during an initial part of the movement of said-member on said carriageincident to application of effort to said member for returning said carriage, said connections including: a mechanical advantage device for multiplying the efiort applied to said member and transmitting the multiplied eiiort to said carriage, whereby the ellort required to be applied to said member forstarting the return movement of said'carriage is reduced;'a stop for limiting the movement of said member on said carriage and being-operative for causing effort applied to said member to be transmitted directly to said carriage for returning the carriage at the speed at which movement of said member is continued after said stop exerts its limiting efiect on said member; and means for rendering said connections inoperative when said stop exerts its limiting eflect on said member.

9. In a typewriter or like'machine, arl'a'tively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on-said frame for letter spacingand return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; and means for moving the carriage in the return direction including 'a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which effort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever, and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said frame, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum, whereby the mechanical advantage soprovided'reduces the eliort required-to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage.

10. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on' said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite'directions; means for driving said carriage in the'letter spacing direction; andmeans for moving the carriage in the return direction including a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which ellort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever, and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said frame including a device connected to said fulcrum and being movable with said carriage, and a cooperable part on said frame extending throughout only a portion of the range of movement of said device with said carriage, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum whereby the mechanical advantage so provided reduces the effort required to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage.

11. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; and means for moving the carriage in the return direction including a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which effort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever, and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said frame including a gripper pawl connected to said fulcrum and being movable with said carriage, and a cooperable bar on said frame extending throughout only a portion of the range of movement of said gripper pawl with said carriage, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum, whereby the mechanical advantage so provided reduces' the e?- fort required to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage.

12. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; means for moving the carriage in the return direction including a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which effort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever,

and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said I frame, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum, whereby the mechanical advantage so provided reduces tl effort required to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage; a stop for limiting the movement of said lever on said carriage and being operative for causing effort applied to said lever to be transmitted directly to said carriage for returning the carriage at the speed at which movement of said lever is continued after said stop exerts its limiting efiect on said lever; and means for rendering said fulcrum anchoring means inoperative when said stop exerts its limiting effect on said lever.

13. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; and means for moving the carriage in the return direction including a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which effort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever. and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said frame including a bar on said carriage extending in the direction of carriage travel, a gripper mounted on said carriage for movement into and out of gripping engagement with said bar and for limited movement on the carriage parallel to said bar, and a link connecting said gripper to said fulcrum and being operative upon initial movement of said lever for moving said gripper into gripping relation to said bar, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum, whereby the mechanical advantage so provided reduces the effort required to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage.

14. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; and means for moving the carriage in the return direction including a lever, a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage, said lever having a part to which eifort may be applied for rocking said lever about said pivot, a fulcrum for said lever, and means for anchoring said fulcrum to said frame including a serrated bar on said carriage extending in the direction of carriage travel, a gripper pawl mounted on said carriage for movement into and out of gripping engagement with said bar and for limited movement on the carriage parallel to said bar, and a yieldable link connecting said pawl to said fulcrum and being operative upon initial movement of said lever for moving said pawl into gripping relation to said bar, the lever arm between said lever part and said fulcrum being longer than the lever arm between said pivot and said fulcrum, whereby the mechanical advantage so provided reduces the effort required to be applied to said lever part for starting the return movement of the carriage.

15. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a serrated bar fixed with respect to said frame and extending in the direction of carriage travel; a pawl; means mounting said pawl on said car riage for movement transverse to said bar towards and from a position of engagement with said bar and for limited movement on said carriage parallel to said bar; a lever; a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage; a part on said lever adapted to receive applied effort tending to rock said lever; and a link connecting said lever to said pawl and being operable upon initial rocking of said lever for moving said pawl into engagement with said bar whereby movement of the connection between said link and said lever inthe direction of carriage travel will be resisted and continued movement of said lever will drive said carriage through said pivot to start the carriage on its return movement.

16. In a typewriter orlike machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a bar fixed with respect to said frame and extending in the direction of carriage travel and having a serrated portion extending from the left end portion of said bar, as viewed from the front of the machine, towards but terminating short of the right end of said bar; a pawl; means mounting said pawl on said carriage for movement transverse to said bar towards and from a position of engagement with the serrated portion of said bar and for limited movement on said carriage parallel to said bar; a lever; a pivot mounting said lever on said carriage; a part on said lever adapted to receive applied efiort tending to rock said lever; and a link connecting said lever to said pawl and being operable upon initial rocking of said lever for moving said pawl into engagement with the serrated portion of said bar whereby movement of the connection between said link and said lever in the direction of carriage travel will be resisted and continued movement of said lever will drive said carriage through said pivot to start the carriage on its return movement.

17. Construction as set forth in claim 15 in which the lever arm between said part of said lever and the connection of said lever to said link is longer than the lever arm between said pivot and the connection of said lever to said link.

18. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a bar fixed with respect to said frame and extending in the direction of carriage travel and having a serrated portion extending from the left end of said bar, as viewed from the front of said machine, towards but terminating short of the right end of said bar; a member mounted on said carriage for limited sliding movement relative to the carriage; a gripper mounted on said member for movement into and out of engagement with the serrated portion of said bar; a lever having one of its ends formed to receive effort applied to said lever for effecting carriage return movement; a pivot fixedto said carriage and mounting said lever to rock about an axis intermediate the lever ends; and means including a link connecting said gripper to the other of said lever ends and being operative by initial rocking of said lever for moving said gripper into engagement with the serrated portion of said bar, whereby said gripper and said link will hold said other of said lever ends against substantial movement in the direction of carriage travel so that continued rocking of said lever will exert driving force through said pivot to start the return movement of said carriage with the mechanical advantage provided by said lever.

19. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a bar fixed with respect to said frame and extending in the direction of carriage travel and having a serrated portion extending from the left end of said bar, as viewed from the front of said machine, towards but terminating short of the right end of said bar; a member mounted on said carriage for limited sliding movement relative to the carriage; a gripper mounted on said member for movement into and out of engagement with the serrated portion of said bar; a lever having one of its ends formed to receive effort applied to said lever for effecting carriage return movement; a pivot fixed to said carriage and mounting said lever to rock about an axis intermediate the lever ends; means including a link connecting said gripper to the other of said lever ends and being operative by initial rocking of said lever for moving said gripper into engagement with the serrated portion of said bar, whereby said gripper and said link will hold said other of said lever ends against substantial movement in the direction of carriage travel so that continued rocking of said lever will exert driving force through said pivot to start the return movement of said carriage with the mechanical advantage provided by said lever; a stop for arresting rocking of said lever after it has rocked far enough to start the return movement of said carriage and for then providing a direct drive connection between said lever and said carriage effective independently of said link and said gripper for effecting continued return movement of said carriage; and means for disengaging said gripper from the serrated part of said bar in response to return movement of said carriage following engagement of said lever with said stop.

20. In a typewriter or like machine, a relatively stationary frame; a carriage mounted on said frame for letter spacing and return movements in opposite directions; means for driving said carriage in the letter spacing direction; a bar fixed with respect to said frame and extending in the direction of carriage travel and having a serrated portion extending from the left end of said bar, as viewed from the front of said machine, towards but terminating short of the right end of said bar; a member mounted on said carriage for limited sliding movement relative to the carriage; a gripper mounted on said member for movement into and out of engagement with the serrated portion of said bar; a lever having one of its ends formed to receive effort applied to said lever for effecting carriage return movement; a pivot fixed to said carriage and mounting said lever to rock about an axis intermediate the lever ends; means including a link connecting said gripper to the other of said lever ends and being operative by initial rocking of said lever for moving said gripper into engagement with the serrated portion of said bar, whereby said gripper and said link will hold said other of said lever ends against substantial movement in the direction of carriage travel so that continued rocking of said lever will exert driving force through said pivot to start the return movement of said carriage with the mechanical advantage provided by said lever; a rotatable paper feeding platen on said carriage; line spacing mechanism for rotating said platen; a combined line spacing and carriage returning handle pivotally mounted on said carriage and operatively connected to said mechanism; and gear connections between said handle and said one of said ends of said lever.

HENRY J. HART.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 215,251 Slocum May 13, 1879 1,039,178 Olson Sept. 24, 1912 

